Inequality is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that requires comprehensive policy measures to address it. For instance, we speak of vertical inequity, which is inequality between individuals or households in a particular society; and horizontal inequality, which refers to disparity between social groups based as race, religion, health status, gender or other characteristics.
Inequality has several aspects that are often interrelated, such as income, labour market outcomes, and other well-being outcomes. The factors that cause inequality – the drivers of inequality – are many and operate either at global or regional level.
This research theme deals with only some of the drivers of inequality and, similar to ACEIR’s other research themes, gender inequality dynamics cut across the projects and studies that fall within this theme.
Spatial inequality
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, services, economic activity and development across different geographical locations, areas, countries, or regions. In short, people’s economic and social well-being can be determined by where they live. By using census and other survey and administrative data, ACEIR maps spatial poverty and inequality to generate a better understanding of the dynamics of this form of inequality – both within African countries but also between countries. Read more
Labour markets
Labour markets play a critical role in shaping economic inequalities and influencing income distribution, social mobility, and overall economic stability. They are the mechanisms through which wages, employment opportunities, and working conditions are determined and, thus, directly impact the economic well-being of individuals. Labour markets, their structures and functioning intersect with factors such as education, skills, gender, technological development to significantly influence the extent and nature of economic inequalities within societies. It is therefore an important aspect of the African inequalities picture to which ACEIR researchers contribute, often in partnership with regional and international institutions. Read more
Wealth
Wealth is increasingly considered a more important driver of inequality than income. A much-needed focus on understanding the role of wealth in developing contexts will enable insights for evidence-based policymaking to reduce inequality and enable more equitable growth. Such a focus brings integrated attention to supporting the precarious while building a sustainable middleclass and combatting elite capture. ACEIR brings a unique African and Global South perspective as it collaborates with leading research programmes in this field of inquiry. Read more